Precision air conditioner (TCU/ECU)
Air conditioning related glossary
Here you can find terms related to air conditioning.
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| a | Accumulator | A component that prevents liquid refrigerant that has not completely evaporated from returning to the compressor in freezing cycle. |
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| compressor | In freezing cycle, this is the component that compresses refrigerant coming out of the evaporator, increasing its pressure and temperature. | |
| pressure loss | When a fluid such as water or air flows through a pipe, the pressure of the fluid decreases from upstream to downstream depending on the cross-sectional area, length, and internal resistance of the pipe. This is the pressure difference that occurs at this time. | |
| stomach | Industrial Clean Room | A clean room primarily used in industrial fields such as semiconductors, liquid crystal displays, electronic components, and precision equipment. It targets airborne particles. |
| cormorant | ULPA filter | ULPA filter stands for Ultra Low Penetration Air Filter, which is defined in the JIS standard as "air filter with a particle collection rate of 99.9995% or greater for particles with a particle size of 0.15 µm or less at rating airflow rate and an initial pressure drop of 300 Pa or less performance". (JIS Z 8122) |
| workman | Air shower | This device is installed in the antechamber of a clean room and blows away and collects dust and other contaminants with high-pressure air to prevent them from being brought into the clean room or clean booth. |
| O | ozone depletion potential (ODP) | An index that shows the strength of the ozone layer in the stratosphere that is destroyed by gaseous substances released into the atmosphere. |
| temperature calibration | This refers to correcting deviations from the reference temperature that occur in measuring devices and temperature sensors that measure temperature, temperature regulators that adjust temperature, and air conditioners that control temperature. |
Ka row
| mosquito | Outside air intake | Air conditioning involves taking in outside air and constantly ventilating the room. However, when air conditioning is performed while taking in outside air, the temperature and humidity of the air being taken in will affect the temperature and humidity inside the room. |
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| dry air | Air that does not contain any water vapor. | |
| ventilation | To replace dirty indoor air with fresh outdoor air and circulate it. | |
| Ventilation frequency | This refers to the number of times the air in a space is replaced over a certain period of time, calculated by dividing the amount of air entering the space per hour (ventilation rate) by the volume of the space. The unit is [times/h]. The ventilation rate is specified in the Building Standards Act for buildings, and in FED-STD and JIS for clean rooms. | |
| dry bulb temperature | This is the temperature measured using a rod-shaped thermometer (dry-bulb thermometer) filled with mercury or alcohol. The temperature (air temperature) used in everyday life refers to this dry-bulb temperature. The unit is [℃ DB]. *DB: Dry Bulb | |
| tree | Airflow (air velocity) | Generally, it refers to the air flow that occurs in the atmosphere due to changes in temperature or topography, and in the field of air conditioning, it refers to the air flow created by fans, etc. Air velocity is the speed of that air flow, measured in m/s. |
| External static pressure | This refers to the static pressure that exists at the outlet of an air conditioner that incorporates a blower. If this external static pressure is smaller than the pressure loss, air cannot flow into the duct. | |
| Adsorption type dehumidification | Dehumidification is carried out using adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite. | |
| Condenser | In freezing cycle, this is a heat exchanger that uses outside air or water to dissipate heat from the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor, condensing and liquefying refrigerant. | |
| Local exhaust | A device or equipment that uses ducts or exhaust fans to exhaust harmful or foul-smelling gases and other substances generated in laboratories, factories, etc., to the outdoors to prevent workers from inhaling them. Local exhaust ventilation systems are regulated by the Industrial safety and Health Act. | |
| nine | Psychrometric chart (hx diagram) | It is a two-dimensional diagram that shows the state values of moist air under atmospheric pressure conditions, and shows the dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature, relative temperature, absolute humidity, dew point temperature, specific enthalpy, etc. Generally, the psychrometric chart refers to the psychrometric chart (hx diagram). |
| The four elements of air conditioning | Temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and airflow. By adjusting these four elements, environment suited to the application and purpose can be created. | |
| air conditioning | Abbreviation for air conditioning. Adjusting air to the optimum condition for a specific purpose. | |
| Clean Standards | An index that shows the number of particles in the air and is an important standard that indicates the cleanliness of the air in a clean room. | |
| Clean Booth | A high-performance HEPA filter removes fine dust particles, dirt, and foreign objects from the air, maintaining a certain level of cleanliness in the space, and the equipment used to maintain this level. Its main purpose is to prevent contamination. The structure consists of a top plate placed on pillars/frames, the perimeter covered with a transparent vinyl sheet, and an FFU mounted on the ceiling. | |
| Clean bench | A simple space or device where the work table is enclosed with panels or sheets and clean air is supplied from a HEPA filter to prevent fine dust, dirt, and foreign matter from adhering to or entering the air. | |
| clean room | A room where airborne particles and microorganisms are kept below a certain level of cleanliness, contamination control is carried out to prevent the introduction of impurities or foreign substances, and temperature and humidity are also controlled as necessary. | |
| K | condensation | This is a phenomenon in which the amount of water vapor in the air exceeds the limit it can contain at that time, causing water droplets to appear on surfaces that come into contact with solids such as glass or metal. |
| sensible heat | When heat is transferred from a substance, it is used only to change its temperature. | |
| Ko | Constant temperature and humidity | Maintaining a constant temperature for a long period of time for a certain purpose is called constant temperature, and maintaining a constant temperature and humidity is called constant temperature and humidity. |
| Individual air conditioning | An air conditioning system that allows free control of temperature and humidity by installing individual air conditioners for each floor/process/room/equipment. | |
| Contamination | Contamination occurs when foreign matter, impurities, microorganisms, chemicals, etc. get mixed in during the manufacturing process or in the experimental environment of semiconductors, electronic components, precision equipment, food, etc. |
Sa row
| sa | reproducibility | The same results, phenomena, or measured values in experiments, evaluations, and measurements conducted under the same conditions and procedures. This indicates the variability and stability of measurement results. |
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| Industrial Air Conditioning | Air conditioning intended to improve the quality and productivity of manufacturing materials, etc., for raising non-human animals. | |
| S | wet bulb temperature | This is the temperature measured by wetting the temperature-sensitive part of a rod thermometer. The temperature is lower than the dry-bulb temperature by the amount of latent heat taken away when the water evaporates. The unit is [℃ WB]. *WB: Wet Bulb |
| Humid air | Air that contains water vapor. | |
| Steam humidification | The water in the container is heated and evaporated using an electric heater, and the resulting water vapor is used to humidify the air. | |
| Evaporator | In freezing cycle, a heat exchanger is a device that removes heat from a low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant to evaporate it from a liquid into a gas, and then absorbs heat from the object using the latent heat of evaporation. | |
| Invasive heat | Heat that tries to enter the room from outside. When the temperature outside is higher than the temperature inside, heat moves (invades) to the cooler inside. | |
| S | static pressure | The force that the wind exerts on the surrounding area when it is stationary. The unit is [Pa]. |
| Positive pressure | A condition in which the air pressure inside the enclosure is higher than the outside. | |
| Controlled Wind Speed | The wind speed required to prevent harmful substances from scattering when a local exhaust ventilation system is in operation. | |
| Cleanliness | An index that shows the number and size of airborne particles in a target space such as a clean room or clean booth. | |
| Precision air conditioner (TCU/ECU) | This is an air conditioner equipped with a special freezing cycle that can control the temperature, humidity, and cleanliness of a local space with extremely stability stability. Compared to large air conditioners for clean rooms, localized air conditioning allows for higher control precision, which can lead to reduced installation and running costs. Another major feature is the ability to manage individual manufacturing conditions for each of the various manufacturing processes. | |
| Absolute humidity | The ratio of Weight of moisture (water vapor) contained in moist air to 1 kg of dry air that does not contain any moisture (water vapor). The unit is [kg/kg(DA)]. | |
| Total pressure | This is the total pressure that the wind has, static pressure + dynamic pressure = total pressure. | |
| overall | Air conditioning the entire room or floor to uniform conditions. Particularly in manufacturing processes for semiconductors, electronic components, precision equipment, pharmaceuticals, etc., the temperature and humidity of the entire process/floor/building are controlled at the same air conditioning level to ensure product quality and performance and stabilize yields. | |
| latent heat | When heat is transferred from a substance, it is used only to change the state of the substance. | |
| S | Relative humidity | This is the ratio of the current amount of moisture contained in air to the maximum amount of moisture that air can contain at a certain temperature (saturated water vapor amount). It is expressed as [%RH]. The humidity we use in everyday life is relative humidity. |
| laminar flow | A stable flow of air without violent turbulence or irregular fluctuations when air flows through a blower or other device. |
Ta row
| Ta | Alternative Fluorocarbons | HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) were developed after specified CFCs, do not contain chlorine, and do not destroy the ozone layer. They are called alternative CFCs to distinguish them from specified CFCs. |
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| blood | Global global warming potential (GWP) | An index that shows the strength of the warming impact when carbon dioxide is set to 1. |
| Te | Desiccant | Originally, it referred to substances such as calcium oxide and silica gel that absorb moisture, or desiccants, and in the air conditioning field it refers to a chemical adsorption dehumidifier. |
| to | dynamic pressure | The kinetic energy of a fluid per unit volume expressed in units of pressure (Pa). |
| Specific chlorofluorocarbons | A type of fluorocarbon that contains chlorine and destroys the ozone layer. It is broadly divided into two types: CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons). | |
| Dry Room | A dedicated room separated by panels and with thorough humidity control. A low dew point environment is achieved by drying the air with a powerful dehumidifier. Dry rooms with low humidity environment are particularly necessary for the manufacturing processes of lithium-ion batteries, capacitors, and organic LEDs, which require an ultra-low dew point environment, as well as for the manufacturing and storage of materials and chemicals that are susceptible to corrosion and chemical reactions. | |
| Draft chamber | A local exhaust ventilation system used in research laboratories and laboratories to safety of workers and prevent contamination of the room from harmful gases and volatile harmful substances that are generated during work. | |
| Traceability | By recording information (history) about when, where, who, and under what environment raw materials, parts, and products were manufactured, it is possible to trace each process from the procurement of raw materials to production, consumption, and disposal. In particular, as a mechanism for investigating the cause of problems with raw materials or products, it is becoming increasingly important in a wide range of fields, from food and pharmaceuticals to automobiles, electronic parts, and transportation, from the perspective of quality and safety management. |
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| Ne | Heat transfer | The phenomenon of heat transfer between different materials. |
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| Heat conduction | The phenomenon of heat transfer within a solid or liquid. | |
| thermal equilibrium | The state in which heat transfer between materials with different temperatures is complete and the temperatures of both materials become equal. | |
| Thermal radiation | The phenomenon in which heat is carried by radiation (electromagnetic waves). | |
| thermal expansion coefficient | A constant that indicates the rate at which an object expands due to a rise in temperature per unit of temperature. Changes in length are generally indicated by the linear expansion coefficient, and changes in volume are generally indicated by the volumetric expansion coefficient. | |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | This law states that heat and work are the same energy, and that the total amount of energy does not change. | |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | This law states that temperature naturally moves from high to low, but that in order to raise a low temperature, heat energy must be added from outside. | |
| of | non-freon-gas refrigerant | refrigerant that do not use fluorocarbons. They include natural refrigerant such as ammonia and CO2, as well as HFO refrigerant (hydrofluoroolefins). In Japan, refrigerant are exempt from the Fluorocarbons Emissions Control Law, and have an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0 and a global global warming potential (GWP) that is significantly lower than that of refrigerant. |
Ha row
| Ha | Particle Counter | A device that measures the number of fine particles such as dust in a clean room. |
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| Biological Clean Room | A clean room primarily used in the medical food industry, including pharmaceuticals, genetic engineering, biotechnology, and operating rooms. Targets airborne microorganisms. | |
| Pass Box | A box-shaped device with double doors that prevents dust, particles, etc. from entering the clean room when materials, equipment, and tools are brought into the clean room. | |
| Hi | PQ diagram | A graph showing performance of a blower, with static pressure on the vertical axis and air volume on the horizontal axis, showing the relationship between airflow and air volume. It is also called a static pressure/air volume characteristics diagram. |
| specific enthalpy | The amount of heat contained in 1 kg of a substance. The unit is [kJ/kg]. | |
| Required air volume | The air volume is calculated by multiplying the required ventilation rate (times/h) by the space volume. | |
| specific heat | The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K (1°C). The unit is [kJ/kg・K]. The specific heat of air is 1.0, and that of water is 4.2. | |
| centre | Fan filter unit (FFU) | high-performance (HEPA) filter unit with a fan. It is installed on the ceiling of a clean room, clean booth, or precision manufacturing equipment to blow out purified air and create a clean environment. |
| Wind speed | The speed of air per unit time. The unit is [m/s]. | |
| Air volume | The volume of air flowing per unit time. The unit is [m3/s]. Air volume is calculated by multiplying the wind speed by the cross-sectional area [m2] through which the air passes. | |
| FED STD | A US federal standard that was the first established standard for air cleanliness in clean rooms. | |
| boiling point | The temperature at which a substance begins to change state from liquid to gas. | |
| Fluorocarbon | A compound of carbon and fluorine used as refrigerant. | |
| F | HEPA filter | HEPA filter are an abbreviation for High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters, and the JIS standard defines them as "air filters that have a particle capture rate of 99.97% or more for particles with a particle performance of 0.3 µm at rating air filter, and have an initial pressure loss of 245 Pa or less" (JIS Z 8122). |
| H | saturated air | The limit of water vapor that air can contain. |
| saturated air line | A curve showing the maximum amount of water vapor that air can contain at each dry-bulb temperature. | |
| Saturated water vapor amount | The maximum amount of moisture that air can contain at a certain temperature. | |
| health air conditioning | Air conditioning aimed at maintaining human comfort and health. |
Ma line
| M | water type humidification | Humidifying the air by spraying water into it and allowing it to evaporate. |
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Ra row
| La | turbulence | When air flows through a blower or other device, it becomes violently turbulent and the flow becomes irregular with no clear direction. |
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| R | critical point | When the temperature and pressure of a substance are changed, it changes continuously rather than remaining in a liquid or gaseous state. |
| R | cooling dehumidification | When air is cooled by an air conditioner or other air conditioning unit, it reaches a saturated state of relative humidity of 100%, and the air can no longer retain water vapor, turning into droplets and being dehumidified. |
| freezing cycle | The basic principle of air conditioners and other systems that cool things. A circulatory cycle in which heat absorption (=cooling) and heat dissipation are performed continuously by changing pressure and temperature through the processes of compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation within a sealed refrigerant which serves as heat exchange and heat transport. refrigeration circuit | |
| Refrigerant(g) | A substance (medium) that exchanges and transports heat in freezing cycle. In its liquid state, it absorbs heat from the object and evaporates, cooling it. | |
| B | dew point temperature | The temperature at which the temperature of saturated air drops and the water vapor that can no longer be retained turns into droplets and begins to condense onto the surface of an object. The unit is [℃ DP]. *DP: Dew Point |
